Online Communication versus Face-to-Face Interaction: the Effect of Chatting Communication on Iranian EFL Learners' Oral Performance

Samad Mirza Suzani*    -  English Department, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran, Islamic Republic of

(*) Corresponding Author

This study aimed to investigate the impact of chatting communication on Iranian EFL learners' oral performance. To this end, the author randomly selected fifty 17-to-18-year-old male Iranian EFL learners attending Top Notch communicative classes in language institutes in Shiraz. First, they applied the Oxford Placement Test as a proficiency test to homogenize learners, and then the learners were divided into experimental and control groups (n = 25 in each group). Both groups had a pretest to estimate their oral performance before applying treatment. The experimental group received instruction and materials via online context as treatment. However, the participants in the control group just received instruction via traditional teaching methods in the class. Finally, both groups had a post-test to measure the effect of treatment on their oral performance. The mean and standard deviation were calculated for two groups In the data collection and analysis, a paired samples t-test was conducted. Based on the results, between the two groups, there was a substantial disparity in terms of oral presentation skills., and the experimental group learners outperformed the control group's learners. The findings can be helpful for teachers to find practical ways to develop students' skills and their incentives.

Keywords: chatting; online communication; oral performance; Iranian EFL learners

  1. Abbasi, M., & Karimnia, A. (2011). An Analysis of Grammatical Errors among Iranian Translation Students: Insights from Interlanguage Theory. European Journal of Social Sciences, 25.
  2. Abedini, F., Abedini, F., & Chalak, A. (2017). Investigating the Inhibitive Factors in the Speaking of Iranian EFL Learners. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 4(6), 82–97. http://www.jallr.com/index.php/JALLR/article/view/636
  3. Alavinia, P., Salmasi, M., & Professor, A. (2012). On the Correlation between Iranian EFL Learners’ Shyness Level and their Attitudes toward Language Learning. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(9), 91–102. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/RHSS/article/view/3130
  4. Alfaki, I. (2014). Towards a Digital World : Using Social Networks to Promote Learners’ Language. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 4.
  5. Alfaki, I. M. (2018). Towards a digital world: Using social networks to promote learner’s language.
  6. Alhawiti, M. (2015). The Effect of Mobile Language Learning on ESP Students? Achievement. Journal of Modern Education Review, 5(3), 272–282.
  7. Alhawiti, M. M. (2015). The Effect of Mobile Language Learning on ESP Students’ Achievement. Journal of Modern Education Review, 5(3), 272–282. https://doi.org/10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/03.05.2015/007
  8. Asakereh, A., & Dehghannezhad, M. (2015). Student Satisfaction with EFL Speaking Classes: Relating Speaking Self-Efficacy and Skills Achievment. Issues in Educational Research, 25, 354.
  9. Aşık, A., Köse, S., Yangın Ekşi, G., Seferoğlu, G., Pereira, R., & Ekiert, M. (2020). ICT integration in English language teacher education: insights from Turkey, Portugal and Poland. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 33(7), 708–731. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1588744
  10. Azarfam, A. Y., & Baki, R. (2012). Exploring language anxiety regarding speaking skill in Iranian EFL learners in an academic site in Malaysia. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 1(2), 153–162.
  11. Babapoor, M., Seifoori, Z., & Chehreh, M. (2018). Intermediate EFL Learners’ Shyness, Communication Apprehension, the Accuracy and Fluency of their Oral Performance. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 6(2), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.30486/RELP.2018.542580
  12. Bahrani, T. (2011). Some aspects of computer assisted language learning. Language in India, 11(9), 271–278.
  13. Bai, B., Wang, J., & Chai, C.-S. (2021). Understanding Hong Kong primary school English teachers’ continuance intention to teach with ICT. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 34(4), 528–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1627459
  14. Baradaran, A., & Khalili, A. (2009). The Impact of Online Chatting on EFL Learners’ Oral Fluency. 1.
  15. Bataineh, A. M. (2014). The Effect of Using Audiovisual Chat on Developing English as a Foreign Language Learners’ Fluency and Productivity of Authentic Oral Texts. International Journal of Linguistics, 6(3), 85. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v6i3.5563
  16. Batianeh, A. M. (2014). The Effect of Text Chat Assisted with Word Processors on Saudi English Major Students’ Writing Accuracy and Productivity of Authentic Texts. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 9(9), 32. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v9i9.4119
  17. Buchem, I., & Hamelmann, H. (2011). Developing 21st century skills: Web 2.0 in Higher Education-A case study. ELearning Papers,(24). Retrieved, 9(30), 2012.
  18. Cortazzi, M., Jin, L., Kaivanpanah, S., & Nemati, M. (2015). Candles lighting up the journey of learning: Teachers of English in Iran. In C. Kennedy (Ed.), English Language Teaching in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Innovations, Trends and Challenges (pp. 123–138). British Council.
  19. Eslami, Z. R., & Fatahin, A. (2008). Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy, English Proficiency, and Instructional Strategies: A Study of Nonnative EFL Teachers in Iran. TESL-EJ, 11(4). http://www.tesl-ej.org/wordpress/issues/volume11/ej44/ej44a1/
  20. Gao, L. X., & Zhang, L. J. (2020). Teacher Learning in Difficult Times: Examining Foreign Language Teachers’ Cognitions About Online Teaching to Tide Over COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.549653
  21. Ghanbarpour, M. (2016). Willingness to communicate, linguistic self-confidence, and language-use anxiety: The Iranian EFL context. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 6(12), 2265.
  22. Ghonsooly, B., Khajavy, G. H., & Asadpour, S. F. (2012). Willingness to communicate in English among Iranian non–English major university students. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 31(2), 197–211.
  23. Gilakjani, A. P., & Sabouri, N. B. (2016). Why is English pronunciation ignored by EFL teachers in their classes. International Journal of English Linguistics, 6(6), 195.
  24. Gupta, P., Schulze, M., & Davies, G. (2010). Human language technologies (HLT). Module 3.5. Information and Communications Technology for Language Teachers (ICT4LT), Slough, Thames Valley University [Online]. Available from: Http://Www. Ict4lt. Org/En/En_mod3-5. Ht m [Accessed 10 December, 2010].
  25. Hashemian, M., & Heidari Soureshjani, K. (2013). An Analysis of Pronunciation Errors of Iranian EFL Learners. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 1(1), 5–12. http://relp.khuisf.ac.ir/article_533586.html
  26. Jaiswal, P. (2020). Integrating Educational Technologies to Augment Learners’ Academic Achievements. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(02), 145. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i02.11809
  27. Jiang, W., & Eslami, Z. R. (2021). Effects of computer-mediated collaborative writing on individual EFL writing performance. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1893753
  28. Kalanzadeh, G. A., Mirchenari, N. A., & Bakhtiarvand, M. (2013). Perceived problems in using communicative language teaching (CLT) by EFL Iranian teachers. The International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, 2(3), 5–16.
  29. Khajavy, G. H., Ghonsooly, B., Hosseini Fatemi, A., & Choi, C. W. (2016). Willingness to communicate in English: A microsystem model in the Iranian EFL classroom context. Tesol Quarterly, 50(1), 154–180.
  30. Kitano, K. (2001). Anxiety in the College Japanese Language Classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 85(4), 549–566. https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00125
  31. Klimova, B., & Pikhart, M. (2019). Cognitive and Applied Linguistics Aspects of Using Social Media: The Impact of the Use of Facebook on Developing Writing Skills in Learning English as a Foreign Language. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 10(1), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10010010
  32. Lamy, M.-N., & Hampel, R. (2007). Synchronous Chat. In Online Communication in Language Learning and Teaching (pp. 115–122). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230592681_10
  33. Maftoon, P., & Sharifi Haratmeh, M. (2012). The relative effectiveness of input and output-oriented tasks with different involvement loads on the receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge of Iranian EFL learners. Journal of Teaching Language Skills, 31(2), 27–52.
  34. Mirhosseini, S.-A., Sazvar, A., & Rashed, F. (2017). “I love foreigners’’ attitudes towards lifeâ€Â: Reproducing lifestyles in an Iranian English language teaching context.†Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 47(5), 756–772. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2016.1274880
  35. Mohamed, B. A. (2021). A Deep Learning Model for an Intelligent Chat Bot System: An Application to E-Learning Domain. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 183, 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66840-2_13
  36. Mohammadian, T. (2013). The Effect of Shyness on Iranian EFL Learners’ Language Learning Motivation and Willingness to Communicate. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 3(11). https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.11.2036-2045
  37. Neves de Jesus, S., & Lens, W. (2005). An Integrated Model for the Study of Teacher Motivation. Applied Psychology, 54(1), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2005.00199.x
  38. Rodrigues, P. D. (2015). The Impact of Online Learning in the Development of Speaking Skills.
  39. Safari Moghaddam, M., & Ghafournia, N. (2019). Elaboration on Foreign Language Anxiety in L2 Speaking: A Study of Iranian EFL Learners. International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 7(26), 137–156. http://jfl.iaun.ac.ir/article_625739.html
  40. Soodmand Afshar, H., & Asakereh, A. (2016). Speaking Skills Problems Encountered by Iranian EFL Freshmen and Seniors from Their Own and Their English Instructors’ Perspectives. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 13, 112–130.
  41. Sweeny, S. M. (2010). Writing for the Instant Messaging and Text Messaging Generation: Using New Literacies to Support Writing Instruction. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 54(2), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1598/JAAL.54.2.4
  42. Ta’amneh, M. A. A. A. (2017). The Effect of Using WhatsApp Messenger in Learning English Language among University Students. International Research in Education, 5(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.5296/ire.v5i1.10801
  43. Tajeddin, Z., Atai, M. R., & Pashmforoosh, R. (2020). Beliefs about English as an International Language (EIL): voices from Persian-speaking English teachers. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 15(2), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554480X.2019.1684923
  44. Udeshinee, W. A. P. (2021). Text chat as a mediating tool in providing teachers’ Corrective feedback in the ESL context: Social and cultural challenges. Asian EFL Journal, 28(12), 171–195.
  45. Warschauer, M. (1997). Computer-Mediated Collaborative Learning: Theory and Practice. The Modern Language Journal, 81(4), 470–481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1997.tb05514.x
  46. Wu, J. G., & Miller, L. (2021). Raising native cultural awareness through WeChat: a case study with Chinese EFL students. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 34(4), 552–582. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1629962
  47. Zayed, N. M. (2016). Special Designed Activities for Learning English Language through the Application of WhatsApp! English Language Teaching, 9(2), 199. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n2p199
  48. Zohrabi, M., Torabi, M. A., & Baybourdiani, P. (2012). Teacher-centered and/or Student-centered Learning:English Language in Iran. English Language and Literature Studies, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.5539/ells.v2n3p18

Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 Samad Mirza Suzani
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Vision: Journal of Language and Foreign Language Learning is indexed by

    

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

View My Stats

Publisher
English Education Department,
Faculty of Education and Teacher Training,
Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
Jl. Prof Hamka Ngaliyan Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

apps