Formation of Ideological (Official and Religious) Discourses as Basis for Ryacudu’s Securitization of LGBT Acts in Indonesia 2016 – 2017

Wahyu Arif Raharjo*    -  Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author
Despite its existence in various local traditions, LGBT acts in Indonesia has recently faced notorious condemnation and abuse. This paper explores minister Ryacudu’s discourse formation in removing LGBT issue from normal politics into security sector, and whether such action has been successful in convincing audience that LGBT is indeed a security issue. In doing so, this study utilizes securitization framework to unravel the rationalization of removing LGBT into security sector and how it relates to Indonesian identity discourse. This paper argues that securitization of LGBT acts in Indonesia is an enactment of national and religious identity. LGBT has been re-constructed as a threat to national identity, thus, a societal security threat. This securitization is conducted by Indonesian government, initially started by Minister Ryacudu’s call to reject LGBT, which is then widely echoed among citizens. Statement from Ryacudu is the main speech act, supported by, utilization of religious values and national heteronormative identity as reference values to legitimize extraordinary measures to the so-called ‘LGBT problem’. The ‘extraordinary measures’ taken to ‘protect’ Indonesia’s identity include various sectors from education, communication and media, and commerce. Wide acceptance among citizen suggests that Indonesian government, especially Minister Ryacudu have successfully securitized LGBT issue in Indonesia.

Keywords: securitization of LGBT; heteronormativity; LGBT in Indonesia; Ryacudu

  1. Abdullah, Anzar. "Nahdlatul Ulama and the Khittah Revitalization: A Futuristic Critical Reflection for the Largest Islamic Organization in Indonesia." Tawarikh: International Journal for Historical Studies 3, no. 1 (2011).
  2. Agung, Rudi. "Menelisik Perjalanan Lgbt Di Indonesia." http:///www.Republika.co.id/berita/jurnalisme-warga/wacana/16/01/28/o1n41d336-menelisisk-perjalanan-lgbt-di-indonesia. .
  3. AntaraNews. "Menag: Indonesia Sulit Terima Pernikahan Sesama Jenis." Kompas.com, 2 Juli 2015 2015.
  4. Anthony, Mely Caballero, Ralf Emmers, and Amitav Acharya. Non-Traditional Security in Asia: Dilemmas in Securitization. London: Ashgate Publishing, 2006.
  5. Asyari, Yusuf. "Pasangan Lesbi Digrebek, Mereka Hidup Layaknya Pasutri." https://www.jawapos.com/read/2017/09/03/154805/6-pasangan-lesbi-digrebek-mereka-hidup-layaknya-pasutri.
  6. Atriana, Rina. "Majelis-Majelis Agama: Kami Menolak Propaganda, Promosi Dan Dukungan Ke Lgbt!" https://www.news.detik.com/berita/3145273/majelis-majelis-agama-kami-menolak-propaganda-promosi-dan-dukungan-ke-lgbt.
  7. Boellstorff, Tom. "Between Religion and Desire: Being Muslim and Gay in Indonesia." American Anthropologist 107, no. 4 (2005).
  8. ———. "Gay and Lesbian Indonesians and the Idea of the Nation." Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice 50, no. 1 (2006).
  9. ———. "Playing Back the Nation: Waria, Indonesian Transvestites." Cultural Anthropology 19, no. 2 (2004).
  10. Buzan, Barry, Ole Waever, and Jaap de Wilde. Security: A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998.
  11. Dacosta, Agustinus Boa. "Indonesia Police Detain 51 Men in Jakarta "Gay Spa Raid"." https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-lgbt-police/indonesia-police-detain-51-men-in-jakarta-gay-spa-raid-idUSKBN1CC0L7.
  12. Darmaputera, Eka. Pancasila and the Search for Identity and Modernity in Indonesian Society Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1988.
  13. Emmers, Ralf. "Securitization." Chap. 12 In Contemporary Security Studies, edited by Alan Collins, 168-81. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
  14. Gabrilin, Abba. "Mui Dan Ormas Islam: Lgbt Haram." Kompas.com, 17 February 2016 2016.
  15. Geertz, Clifford. The Religion of Java. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
  16. Hakim, Syaiful. "Menhan: Lgbt Bagian 'Proxy War'." http://www.antaranews.com/berita/546668/menhan-lgbt-bagian-proxy-war.
  17. Hansen, Lene. Security as a Practice: Discourse Analysis and the Bosnian War. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2006.
  18. Huntington, Samuel. "The Clash of Civilization." Foreign Affairs 72, no. 3 (1993).
  19. Hutton, Jeffrey. "Anti-Gay Actions in Indonesia Threaten a Fragile Population." New York Times, 15 February 2016 2016.
  20. Indrawan, Angga. "Pendidikan Karakter Penting Cegah Lgbt." http://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/16/03/08/o3q0yi365-pendidikan-karakter-penting-cegah-lgbt.
  21. Irshad, Ghazala. "The World Reacts to Us Supreme Court Legalization of Gay Marriage." The Huffington Post, 26 June 2015 2015.
  22. Iswanto, Denny. "Indikator Pertumbuhan Industri Perbankan Syariah Meningkat Signifikan." http://www.ekonomi.akurat.co/id-69301-read-indikator-pertumbuhan-industri-perbankan-syariah-meningkat-signifikat.
  23. Izadi, Elahe. "Indonesia Wants to Banish 'Gay' Emoji." https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/02/13/indonesia-wants-to-banish-gay-emoji/?utm_terms=a545f344c1a7.
  24. Liang, Jamison. "Homophobia on the Rise." http://www.insideindonesia.org/homophobia-on-the-rise.
  25. Mamood, Kazi. "Growing Number of Women Wearing Hijab in Indonesia." http://www.uk.religion.islam.narkive.com/sl4VuUHf/growing-number-of-women-wears-hijab-in-indonesia.
  26. Milliar, Susan Bolyard. "On Interpreting in Bugis Society ". American Ethnologist 10, no. 3 (1983).
  27. "Mui Wants Law to Ban Lgbt Activities." The Jakarta Post, 17 February 2016 2016.
  28. PewGlobal. "The Global Divide in Homosexuality: Greater Acceptance in More Secular and Affluent Countries." http://www.pewglobal.org/2013/06/04/the-global-divide-on-homosexuality/.
  29. Putra, David Oliver. "Terbongkarnya Tempat Pesta Seks "Gay" Di Kelapa Gading." http://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2017/05/23/09405501/terbongkarnya.tempat.pesata.seks.kaum.gay.di.kelapa.gading. .
  30. Roe, Paul. "Societal Security." In Contemporary Security Studies, edited by Alan Collins, 215-28. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
  31. Rompies, Karuni. "Two Men Receive 83 Lashes for Gay Sex in Indonesian Province of Aceh." http://www.smh.com.au/world/two-men-receive-83-lashes-for-gay-sex-in-indonesia-province-of-aceh-20170523-gwbeof.html.
  32. Rompiess, Karuni, and Jewel Topsfield. "Two Men Receive 83 Lasher for Gay Sex in Indonesian Province of Aceh." The Sydney Morning Herald, http://www.smh.com.au/world/two-men-receive-83-lashes-for-gay-sex-in-indonesian-province-of-aceh-20170523-gwbeof.html.
  33. Setyadi, Agus. "Hukum Jinayah Berlaku, Gay Dan Lesbi Di Aceh Bakal Dihukum Cambuk 100 Kali." detikNews, 27 Oktober 2015 2015.
  34. Sutrisno, Elvan Dany. "Mui: Pusat Gay Lecehkan Agama Dan Budaya Bangs." https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3507905/mui-pesta-gay-lecehkan-agama-dan-budaya-bangsa.
  35. Thomas, Scott M. The Global Resurgence of Religion and the Transformation of International Relations: The Struggle for the Soul of the Twenty-First Century. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005.
  36. Topsfield, Jewel. "Suspicion That Lgbt Rights Are 'Western Agenda' Fuels Indonesian Crackdown." Sydney Morning Herald, https://www.smh.com.au/world/suspicion-that-lgbt-rights-are-western-agenda-fuels-indonesian-crackdown-20171020-gz5fao.html.
  37. TribunNews. "Letjen Tni Kiki Syahnakri: Indonesia Dalam Situasi Perang Generasi Keempat." http://tribunnews.com/nasional/2016/02/25/letjen-tni-kiki-syahnakri-indonesia-dalam-situasi-perang-generasi-keempat.
  38. Ulum, M. "Polda Jabar Bentuk Satgas Anti-Lgbt." https://www.senayanpost.com/polda-jabat-bentuk-satgas-anti-lgbt/.
  39. Waever, Ole. "Societal Security: The Concept." In Identity, Migration and the New Security Agenda, edited by Ole Waever, Barry Buzan and Pierre Lemaitre, 17-40. London: Pinter, 1993.
  40. Wardi, Robertus. "Menhan: Lgbt Bagian Dari Proxy War." Berita Satu, 23 February 2016 2016.
  41. Woischnik, Jan, and Philipp Muller. "Islamic Parties and Democracy in Indonesia." In KAS International Report. Bonn: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2013.
  42. Woodward, Mark, Mariani Yahya, Inayah Rohmaniyah, Diana Murtaugh Coleman, Chris Lundry, and Ali Amin. "The Islamic Defenders Front: Demonization, Violence and the State in Indonesia." Contemporary Islam 8, no. 2 (2014): 153-71.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 JPW (Jurnal Politik Walisongo)
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
 
 
JPW (Jurnal Politik Walisongo)
Published by Department of Political Science
Faculty of Social and Political Science
Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang
Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka Kampus III UIN Walisongo Semarang 
https://fisip.walisongo.ac.id/
Email: [email protected]

 
ISSN: 2503-3190 (p)
ISSN: 2503-3204 (e)
DOI: 10.21580/jpw

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. 
 
View My Stats
Flag Counter
apps