An Empirical Approach in Culinary Fiqh of Coastal Communities: Critical Study of ‘Aysh al-Baḥr

Zainul Mun'im*  -  Institut Agama Islam Darussalam, Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Abdussamet Kaya    -  Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Türkiye

(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2023.33.1.14523

The lives of fishermen are said to have a profound influence on the lives of coastal towns. Their attitude toward marine resources effects their theological perspective as well. This fact is supported by Kiai Anwar's book ‘Aysh al-Baḥr, which discusses the legal position of consuming numerous aquatic animals. This article seeks to trace the book ‘Aysh al-Baḥr's understanding of culinary fiqh. As an analytical tool, this paper employs a normative approach and the notion of Islamic epistemology pioneered by al-JÄÂbirÄ« and Mulyadhi. This article demonstrates how the epistemology of culinary fiqh in ‘Aysh al-Baḥr employs an empirical approach to determining the legal status of ingesting animals by viewing and direct observing them. Kiai Anwar's background as a fisherman gives him an edge in developing normative and empirical reasons for marine animal laws. This conclusion demonstrates that coastal cultures have an extensive understanding of aquatic animal environments. This article suggests utilizing empirical approaches to derive rules that necessitate direct observation.

__________

The original draft of this article has been presented at the 20th Annual International Conference on Islamic Studies (AICIS), Surakarta, 2021.

 

Keywords: culinary fiqh; coastal communities; ‘Aysh al-Baḥr; Kiai Anwar Batang

  1. Abu-Rabi’, Ibrahim M. “Toward a Critical Arab Reason: The Contributions of the Moroccan Philosopher Muḥammad ’Ābid al-JÄÂbirÄ«.†Islamic Studies 42, no. 1 (2013): 63–95. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20837251.
  2. Amamou, Hayat. “The Nature of Early Islamic Sources and the Debate over their Historical Significance.†Al-Muntaqa 1, no. 2 (2018): 68–79. https://doi.org/10.31430/almuntaqa.1.2.0068.
  3. AnwÄÂr, Muḥammad. ‘Aysh al-Baḥr fÄ« BayÄÂn al-ḤayawÄÂn alladhÄ« lÄ Ya’īsu illÄ fÄ« al-Baḥr wa alladhÄ« Ya’īsu fÄ« al-Barr wa al-Baḥr. Batang, 1920.
  4. Arka, Ida Bagus. “Tradisi Hidangan Olahan Asal Bulus dan Analisis Nilai Gizinya.†Jurnal Veteriner 1, no. 1 (2020): 24–31. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jvet/article/download/22895/15022/.
  5. Asmawi, Asmawi. “Epistemologi Hukum Islam: Perspektif Historis, Sosiologis Dalam Pengembangan Dalil.†Tribakti: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman 32, no. 1 (2021): 57–76. https://doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v32i1.1393.
  6. al-BÄÂr, Ibn ‘Abd. Al-KÄÂfÄ« fÄ« Fiqh Ahl al-MadÄ«nah al-MÄÂlikÄ«. BairÅ«t: DÄÂr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1992.
  7. Damanhuri, Damanhuri. “Kitab Kuning: Warisan Keilmuan Ulama dan Kontekstualisasi Hukum Islam Nusantara.†Jurnal ‘Anil Islam 10, no. 2 (2017): 234–61.
  8. DumÄ«rÄ«, Muḥammad bin MÅ«sa al-. ḤayÄÂh al-ḤayawÄÂn al-KubrÄÂ. BairÅ«t: DÄÂr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1992.
  9. Fadal, Kurdi. “’Aisy al-Bahr: Karya Intelektual Ulama Pesisir Jawa Awal Abad XX M Seputar Hewan Laut.†Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 18, no. 2 (2020): 303–32. https://doi.org/10.31291/jlk.v18i2.792.
  10. Horowitz, Donald L. “The Qur’an and the Common Law: Islamic Law Reform and the Theory of Legal Change.†The American Journal of Comparative Law 42, no. 3 (2014): 543–80. https://doi.org/10.2307/840701.
  11. Hurgronje, Snouck. Mekka in the Latter Part of the 19th Century. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1931.
  12. al-JÄÂbirÄ«, Muḥammad ‘Ābid. Bunyah al-‘Aql al-‘ArÄÂbÄ«. BairÅ«t: Markaz DirÄÂsat al-Wahdah al-‘Arabiyyah, 2009.
  13. al-JazÄÂyrÄ«, ‘Abd RaḥmÄÂn. KitÄÂb al-Fiqh ‘alÄ al-MadhÄÂhib al-Arba’ah. BairÅ«t: DÄÂr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2003.
  14. Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. “Legal Maxims and Other Genres of Literature in Islamic Jurisprudence.†Arab Law Quarterly 20, no. 1 (2016): 77–101. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27650538.
  15. Kartanegara, Mulyadhi. Reaktualisasi Tradisi Ilmiah Islam. Jakarta: Baitul Ihsan, 2006.
  16. Kern, R.A. “Pasantren.†in Shorter Encyclopedia of Islam Leiden. Leiden: EJ Brill, 1953.
  17. Khalilieh, Hassan S. “Human Jettison, Contribution for Lives, and Life Salvage in Byzantine and Early Islamic Maritime Laws in the Mediterranean.†Byzantion 75, no. 2 (2015): 225–35. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44172998.
  18. al-LÄÂhim, ‘Abd al-KarÄ«m Muḥammad. Al-Maá¹­la’ ‘alÄ DaqÄÂ'iq ZÄÂd al-Mustaqni.’ RiyÄÂá¸Â: DÄÂr KunÅ«z IshbiliyÄÂ, 2012.
  19. Layish, Aharon. “Islamic Law in the Modern World: Nationalization, Islamization, Reinstatement.†Islamic Law and Society 21, no. 3 (2014): 276–307. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43304512.
  20. Loy, Nikolaus. Melancong ke Laut: Tata Kelola Pariwisata Maritim Indonesia. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia, 2019.
  21. Luth, Thohir, Siti Rohmah, Nur Chanifah, dan Moh Anas Kholish. “Coastal Ulama IjtihÄÂd and Destructive Fishing Prevention in Indonesia.†Ahkam: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 22, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/ 10.15408/ajis.v22i2.28077.
  22. Masud, Muhammad Khalid. “Teaching of Islamic Law and Sharī’ah: A Critical Evaluation of the Present and Prospects for the Future.†Islamic Studies 44, no. 2 (2015): 165–89. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20838960.
  23. al-MÄÂwardÄ«, AbÅ« al-Ḥasan. Al-ḤÄÂwÄ« al-KabÄ«r fÄ« Fiqh Madhhab al-ImÄÂm al-ShÄÂfi’ī. BairÅ«t: DÄÂr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1994.
  24. MukhtÄÂr, Muḥammad. Al-ShawÄÂ'iq al-Muḥriqah li al-AwhÄÂm al-KÄÂdhibah fÄ« BayÄÂn ḤÄÂl al-BalÅ«t. Kediri: al-Ma’had al-IslÄÂmy Lirboyo, 2006.
  25. Mun’im, Zainul. “Etika Lingkungan Biosentris dalam al-Quran: Analisis Tafsir Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup Karya Kementerian Agama.†Suhuf 15, no. 1 (2022): 197–221. https://doi.org/10.22548/shf.v15i1.720.
  26. Mun’im, Zainul. “Peran Kaidah Fikih dalam Aktualisasi Hukum Islam: Studi Fatwa Yusuf al-Qaradawi tentang Fiqh al-Aqalliyat.†Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 15, no. 1 (2021): 151–72. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v15i1.4546.
  27. Mun’im, Zainul. “The Epistemology of MUI’s Fatwas on COVID-19: Bayani and Burhani Eclecticism.†Al-Istinbath : Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 1 (2022): 1. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v7i1.3216.
  28. Musa, Khadiga. "Legal Maxims as a Genre of Islamic Law: Origins, Development, and Significance of al-QawÄÂÊ¿id al-Fiqhiyya." Islamic Law and Society 21, no. 4 (2014): 325–65. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43304518.
  29. Mustofa, Mahmud Yunus. “Transmisi Pendidikan Fiqih Nusantara pada Masyarakat Pesisir (Telaah Kitab Aisyul Bahri Karya Kiai Anwar Batang).†Universitas Wahid Hasyim, 2019.
  30. al-NawÄÂwÄ«, Muḥyi al-DÄ«n bin Sharf. KitÄÂb al-Majmū’ Sharḥ al-Muhadhdhab. Jiddah: Maktabah al-IrsyÄÂd, 2007.
  31. Powers, David S. “Wael B. Hallaq on the Origins of Islamic Law: A Review Essay.†Islamic Law and Society 17, no. 1 (2020): 126–57. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25704003.
  32. Purwanto, M. Ngalim. Psikologi Pendidikan. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 1990.
  33. al-Qaraá¸ÂÄÂwÄ«, YÅ«sÅ«f. Al-IjtihÄÂd fÄ« al-Sharī’ah al-IslÄÂmiyyah ma’a NaẓarÄÂt TaḥlÄ«liyah. Kuwait: DÄÂr al-Qalm, 1996.
  34. al-Qurá¹­ubÄ«, Muḥammad ibn Rushd. BidÄÂyah al-Mujtahid wa NihÄÂyah al-Muqtaá¹£id. BeirÅ«t: DÄÂr al-Ma’rifah, 1982.
  35. al-ShÄÂfi’ī, Muhammad ibn IdrÄ«s. Al-Umm. Kairo: DÄÂr al-WafÄÂ, 2001.
  36. Sholikah, Sholikah, Fatah Syukur, dan Mahfud Junaedi. “Islamic Higher Education Branding in the Coastal Area Perspective of Hermawan Kartajaya’s PDB Triangle Theory.†Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam 16, no. 1 (2021): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/edukasia.v16i1.8229.
  37. al-SubkÄ«, TÄÂj al-DÄ«n. Al-AshbÄÂh wa al-NaẓÄÂ’ir. Beirut: DÄÂr al-KutÅ«b al-Ilmiyyah, 1991.
  38. Sunarwoto, S. “Sheikh Mukhtar ‘Atarid on Belut: A Study on al-Sawa‘iq al-Muharramah.†International Journal of Pesantren Studies 6, no. 1 (2012): 31–45. https://www.academia.edu/5610280/sheikh_mukhtar_atarid_on_belut.
  39. al-SuyÅ«á¹­Ä«, JalÄÂl al-DÄ«n. IkhtilÄÂf al-MadhÄÂhib. Kairo: DÄÂr al-I’thiá¹£ÄÂm, 2006.
  40. Sya’ban, Ahmad Ginanjar. “Tahqiqul Hayawan: Fikih Fauna dan Farmakologi Karya KH. A. Yasin Asymuni Kediri (1989).†Alif.Id, May 29, 2018. https://alif.id/read/ahmad-ginanjar/tahqiqul-hayawan-fikih-fauna-dan-farmakologi-karya-kh-a-yasin-asymuni-kediri-1989-b209537p/.
  41. al-ZuhaylÄ«, Wahbah. Al-Fiqh al-IslÄÂmÄ« wa Adillatuh. Damshiq: DÄÂr al-Fikr, 1985.
  42. al-ZuhaylÄ«, Wahbah. Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-IslÄÂmÄ«. Damshiq: DÄÂr al-Fikr, 1986

Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 Al-Ahkam
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Publisher
Faculty of Sharia and Law Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
in collaboration with Indonesian Consortium Sharia Scholar (KSSI)
Jl Prof. Dr. Hamka Kampus III Ngaliyan Semarang 50185
Phone: 024 7601291
https://fsh.walisongo.ac.id/
email: [email protected]

 Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

View:  Visitor | Country  

 
apps