Mendorong Akuntabilitas Birokrasi, Membuka Ruang Politik: Pelibatan Warga Melalui Layanan Pengaduan dalam Tata Kelola Perkotaan

Noor Rohman*  -  Universitas Islam Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia
Aniek Nurhayati  -  Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia
Ajeng Widya Prakasita  -  Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya, Indonesia

(*) Corresponding Author

Dalam dua dekade terakhir, kajian tentang pelibatan publik mengalami perkembangan pesat, baik dalam konteks perdebatan teoritik maupun eksperimentasi secara empiris. Banyak literatur yang sudah mendiskusikan pelibatan publik dari sisi penawaran, bagaimana melibatkan publik dalam tata kelola pemerintahan yang partisipatoris. Sebaliknya, sisi permintaan dari elit yang berwenang membuat keputusan relatif kurang mendapatkan perhatian. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini bermaksud untuk memperkaya diskusi tentang pelibatan publik berbasis inisiatif elit yang berwenang. Lebih spesifiknya, kami berusaha memahami bagaimana pelibatan warga melalui layanan pengaduan berbasis teknologi digital yang difasilitasi oleh pemerintah daerah. Kami berargumen bahwa secara kelembagaan layanan pengaduan warga memiliki dampak positif karena menyediakan ruang politik untuk menekan kinerja internal birokrasi yang buruk. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa layanan pengaduan warga tidak hanya berkontribusi untuk mendorong akuntabilitas kinerja internal birokrasi pemerintahan, melainkan juga membuka ruang politik bagi warga untuk mengontrol kinerja layanan pengaduan tersebut. Pemerintah kota Surabaya telah berusaha melakukan inovasi dan reformasi tata kelola pemerintahan melalui layanan pegaduan warga berbasis media digital. Namun, pada saat yang sama, pemerintah juga cenderung menggunakan inovasi demokratik tersebut sebagai bagian dari pencitraan politik. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam literatur partisipasi publik berbasis inisiatif elit melalui penggunaan teknologi digital untuk mengakomodasi keluhan dan permintaan publik.

Keywords: Partisipasi warga; Layanan publik; Tata kelola perkotaan; Electronic Government; Media center Surabaya

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